/ | / single bar jnct: sustained tj
Terminal junctures â
/ || / double-bar jnct: rising tj
/ # / double-cross jnct: falling tj
/2mIs + 3smIT2 | 2D« + 3tiÉtS«r2 | 2keIm +3in1# /
/ 2w¿n || 2tuÉ || 2TriÉ || 3fOÉ1 # /
â / | / “both sides of an appositive”
“Miss Smith, the teacher, came in”
/ || / “frequently used in counting, after all but the last number
in a series”
/ # / “can be heard at the end of most American English
utterances, including single word cited in isolation”
(see Francis, 1958: 157)
The possible topic of your end-of term paper on English morphology. The paper might describe and discuss how the chosen topic might relate to the English morphology.
1. Morphology or Morphemics as the building blocks of speech.
2. Morph, Allomorph , Morpheme
3. Morphemes
4. Bases and Affixes
5. Bound and Free Allomorphs
6. Homophones
7. Paradigms and Zero Allomorphs
8. Superfixes
9. Inflection and Derivation
10. Types of spoken English words
11. A Bit of Morphophonemics
12. etc. (word formation, see Fromkin, et al., 2003; back-formation, Francis, 1958: 197)
Please hand in your tentative outline of the paper as part of your mid-term test.
A Bit of English Morphophonology (pp. 208ff)
Morphophonemics: the study that deals with “the variations in phonemic structure of allomorphs which accompany their grouping into words” (p. 210)
â Historical (diachronic) linguistics
Synchronic linguistics
“… it is desirable to describe the phonemic relations between allomorphs without resorting to historical (diachronic) considerations” (ibid.)
10 (ten) types of morphophoneics change in English
â 1. Loss of phonemes :
“A lost of consonant /t/ of the stem {-crat} before the derivational {-cy} as in democracy, aristocracy, etc.”
2. Addition of Phonemes
3. Simple Consonant Change
4. Assimilation
5. Dissimilation
6. Synthesis
7. Change of Syllabic Vowel or Dipthong
8. Stress Shift
9. Gradation
10.Suppletion
{five} {fifteen} {fifty}
/ faiv/ / ftf /
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